By "rage putts" or "rage throws", what exactly are you talking about? It would seem to me that the rule is stating that if you are angry and emotional and throw a disc as a part of progressing your lie, you can't be penalized for that action. In other words, if you get mad and rifle a full power throw into the chains from 6 feet away, your "penalty" is if it spits out (which is likely). But if you're otherwise legal (stance, follow-through, etc), there's nothing anyone can really do about it.
If you're throwing a disc (or anything else) independently of progressing your lie, the potential penalties vary based on what you're throwing (and frankly, where you're throwing it too). You can be penalized with added throws to your score if it's a disc (practice throws, 801.06). You are subject to courtesy warnings/penalties/disqualification if it involves throwing other things or otherwise acting like a jackass (801.04 and/or 3.3.B.2).