I did something like this a while ago and the biggest thing I learned from it is that blowing money on discs en mass is not a wise idea. 1 it costs a lot, 2 it takes a long while to actually get a feel for a disc, 3 85% of those discs won't remain in your bag, and 4 it is better to have someone who can teach you suggest what discs to learn and when to try something else and what to try. If no one is available someplace like here (as you are asking) is the next best place.
I bought something close to 20 discs in one shot and 1 of them has remained in my bag (the rocs may return, making it something closer to 4). Point is, wise move on coming here.
First I would say FORGET THE GROOVE, of anything you read here forget about buying that disc, it is worthless. As far as the katana and Nuke I would say skip them, the Valk and Teebirds are great buys. Especially the Teebird.
Roc and Buzzz are good buys but you may want to pick one for your bag as having both is redundant. The Stingray and Comet are good buys for sure and I personally really dig the Leopard as it has helped my driving form a whole lot. All here I've mentioned are very good buys and discs to learn with and love for a long time.
Putters are funny in that you have to try them for a while to see which you like, I myself went through 4-5 before I came to the Vibrams I have. I would suggest starting with the magnet and Aviar. DITCH THE SONIC, it is not as appealing as it sounds and hardly begginer friendly. Also not a catch disc despite looking like one. So yeah pick 2-3 (maybe really different ones) so you can feel what you like in a putter.
So from what you've listed I suggest this
Teebird
Valk
Leopard (Treat it like a driver, not a mid or even a fairway driver)
Buzzz
Roc
Stingray
Comet
Aviar
Magnet
GOOD LUCK! Anymore questions feel free to ask.