I wonder about gender differences in cheating and the attitudes toward it. I'll explain. I was at a tournament in my area 3 years ago and watched a group of INT Women tee off. Three of them went out of bounds. Each one of them threw from out of bounds. This was in plain sight of the TD and many other players. I asked the TD about it later and his response was that because those were the only women in the tournament, it didn't matter. I.e., they were only playing each other so if they let each other cheat, he didn't care.
Then, recently, I talked to a woman who plays locally. She stopped playing in tournaments because, in her words, "all the women cheat" and she was sick of it. We discussed the OB incident I described and she also stated that the women that she has played with have all underreported scores in every tournament that she has been in, and that the underreporting wasn't even close, like multiple strokes per hole, no penalty strokes and throwing from OB as if it didn't exist.
Finally, in a tournament I ran back in August, only one female player showed up. She was about 12 years old. I placed her in a group of Adv. Masters that I knew well (and who were all parents) and after the round, one of the men told me that the girl, who was the only person in her division, constantly underreported her scores. On one particular hole, he stated that she claimed to have shot a 4 (a 550', wooded hole listed as a par 4) in which he had counted 8 throws. I have toyed with the idea that in any of my tournaments I will have a marshall/scorekeeper accompany the women's groups.